According to the global air pollution and climate change management perspective, transboundary air pollution episode and climate change mitigation are two important issues in recent global air pollution studies. Peatland fires, as prominence of transboundary air pollution, in Indonesian is like annual event particularly during extreme dry season.  Based on our research during episode of peatland wildfire the concentration of PM10 standard (24 hrs) can reach more than ten times of than those of non-episodic fire. During episode of peatland wildfire, our receptor model (using PMF and CMB model) results reveal that the peatland wildfire contributed to 60 – 80% of air pollution in such big city as Pekanbaru. The marker elements of peatland wildfire emission are also consistent with those for biomass burning.

 

Transportation sector is the main contributor of GHG’s emission at the energy sector. Minimizing of transportation emission thus might be viable solution for mitigating GHG’s emission significantly. Several measures that already implemented in recent years for managing transport sector and have co-benefit in pollution reduction application are: application of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), implementing Traffic Impact Control, introducing Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) system, developing non-motorized transport, renewing paratransit public transportation and introducing smart driving training. All of these measures are implemented initially in big cities and claimed for air pollutants as well as GHGs reduction. Since private vehicle use contribute much on air pollution as well as GHG’s emission then shifting to use public transport instead of private vehicle will substantially reduce air pollution and GHG’s emission as well. Our study in Surakarta city, the shift of private vehicle (both motorcycle and personal car) to public transport will reduce its emission to about 1.9% and 0.4% of GHG’s total emission of four wheelers and two wheelers respectively.